I’m intoxicated with God. I don’t know why, I’m not exactly sure how it happened, but I’ve decided as of not too long ago to make God central to my life. I pray to Him every day, asking Him to spread His spirit of compassion over the whole world, and until recently I was pretty sure I had found a religion in which I would be comfortable spending my whole life acknowledging him—The Bahá’í Faith. I was all-but certain that deep down I was a Bahá’í, and that I would soon be ready to live my life as a believer in the faith. Its teachings resonate with me on a profoundly meaningful level. The founder, Bahá’u'lláh, had emerged in 19th-century Persia and proclaimed himself the harbinger of a renewal of the ancient purpose of God, the most recent in a neverending chain of God’s prophets, His messengers and representatives on Earth, who were to appear sporadically throughout history, by God’s design, to further the development of humankind by teaching different versions of the same message, each one tailored to be appropriate to the specific demands of a given age. Bahá’u'lláh made the claim that he had been sent by God as the most recent such messenger, in order to effect a re-establishment of what he taught were God’s eternal and unchanging principles: the equality of human beings, the oneness of religious truth, and the essential unity and dignity of souls under the parenthood of God. He affirmed that the meaning of earthly existence was for souls to develop admirable spiritual qualities and to progress towards the One, an idea that in some small measure has helped me to make sense of the dismaying trials and difficulties faced by human beings in the world. He taught that it was necessary to enshrine a world system where resolution of conflicts and action against human rights violations would be taken by a just and fair world government, and where acknowledgment of equal human dignity was inculcated at birth by a mandatory system of free education for children all across the world. I thought these teachings were as wonderful as anything I’d ever encountered before, and at first blush I felt like I could accept them and incorporate belief in Bahá’u'lláh into my life. I was searching for belonging, and I felt that joining a community of several million believers dedicated to such principles and spread all across the world, in contrast to the ethnic homogeneity of the environment in which I had been brought up, would prove meaningful for me and sustain me throughout the rest of my life.
If nothing else, the Faith deserves to be more widely studied by students of religion, and its teachings ought to be a lot better known, because on the surface of things, it seems to provide a workable answer to virtually every key question about the meaning of religion and God’s intentions for humanity. It acknowledges as prophets and messengers of God the central figures of the majority of the world’s religious traditions—the notable exception is Guru Nanak, the first Guru of the Sikhs, who is seen as a saint, not a prophet, and respected, not venerated—and describes the various revelations of religious doctrines as different stages in God’s unfolding plan for humankind, each appropriate to the degree of spiritual development as yet attained by human civilization.
This notion, termed “progressive revelation”, inspires me. Growing up in a Jewish environment, for example, I was taught that Jesus was a respectable person and noble teacher, but that he hadn’t come to my people, and that those who believed he was King of the Jews and the promised Messiah were misinterpreting prophecy. Given that the specific denomination which I have been raised (Reconstructionist Judaism) also disavows the existence of a real supernatural God, instead recontextualizing Him as “the power within us that enables us to rise above our brutish animal natures and do good in the world”, such prophecies about a Messiah were seen as unimportant if not illusory, and there was never any emphasis put on the idea that God might be a real Being, as opposed to an imaginary construct. But two or three years ago, I experienced something of a spiritual awakening, where I decided that, even if the ultimate question of God’s existence was to remain forever unsolved, I wanted to believe in Him and conduct my life as a pious person, talking to Him regularly, acting ethically in accordance with His presumed desires, and following a religion in order to recognize Him. To this day I remain devoted, asking Him to bring justice into the world and to show favour to my loved ones and deliver justice to oppressed peoples the world over. But I knew that in order to make Him an integral part of my life, I would need to find a religion that believed in the truth of all the prophets and wisdom traditions, that didn’t conceive of Him or His Truth in exclusivist terms, that is, one which didn’t believe that ‘salvation’ or union with Him was attainable only if one believed in the correct doctrinal interpretation. I believed, a priori, in prophetic continuity and would never accept a religion that, for example, saw Hindus or Buddhists or Sikhs as heathens, or consigned disbelievers in God to a fiery comeuppance in Hell.
In that sense, the Bahá’í Faith was a balm. It was like manna from Heaven, almost, to learn that there existed a faith that affirmed the validity and the Godly origin of the Dharmic religions, which are so easily dismissed as erroneous pagan fictions by dogmatic monotheists. The polytheism seemingly enjoined by early Hinduism is seen as an acceptable antecedent to later revelations’ emphasis on monotheism, and the nontheist emphasis on detachment from worldly affairs that is enjoined by Buddhism is argued to be a direct voicing of God’s teachings, as appropriate for the time and place in which Buddha’s ministry occured. It still irks and perplexes me that Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of a distinct and wonderful religion of whose essential truth I am sure and whose texts I often study in my spare time, is not included in the Bahá’í pantheon of major Messengers of God, but other than that, they include most of the key religious founders and teacher-men of the world: Most of the key Judaic prophets are noted, as well as Krishna (questionably, seen as the central figure of a straightforward, organized Hinduism), Gautama Buddha (alleged by Bahá’u’lláh’s son, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, as having originally been a monotheist), Zarathustra, Muhammad (whose life-story I have difficulties with anyway, but that’s for another discussion), and Jesus Christ. It’s not a perfect delineation, but that this universalist vision was taken seriously by a religious group as God’s actual intention and design was phenomenal. At once, almost all the missing pieces seemed to fall into place. Of course these messengers were all sent by God! So this means prophetic continuity is real!” It did trouble me somewhat that God’s renewal of his message meant the old way was always completely abrogated—didn’t that amount to a kind of religious supremacism, meaning in effect that those following religions other than Bahá’u’lláh’s were actually in error?—but in essence I felt I understood, and agreed. To me it signaled that God was compassionate, not presumptuous, that he had not erred in creating both Abrahamic and Dharmic systems and then leaving some religons’ adherents to attack others’ as to which paths were true, as I had initially conceived. And further, the Bahá’í Teachings explicitly disavowed racial, religious, gender, ethnic, and nationalist prejudice, and encouraged believers to work to dismantle these bigotries in the modern world. So I was flush with the sense that not only was God real, but he was an aware, perceptive, thinking God—alive to the difficult tenor of our times and possessive of a radical, but workable and sensible, remedy to the troubles we face.
I still get a serious rush of wonder thinking about that. But lately I’ve been discovering that there are chinks in the armour, which are giving me pause in my would-be headlong rush to embrace this marvelous panacea for spiritual ills. First there were some frustrating realizations about certain laws and ordinances that weren’t deal-breakers per se, but would grate on my nerves: the reserved attitude towards non-vocal music performed in Bahá’í temples (more of a curio than anything); the insistence upon heterosexual marriage as the only legitimate conduit for expression of sexual desires (which would mean I’d have no choice but to get married if I eventually wanted to fuck somebody someday, a troubling prospect seeing as I’ve no present interest in raising children and little if any pressing personal need to tie the knot); the opposition to the preaching of sermons and the impossibility of any role for clergy (which irks me only because I fancy myself leading a religious congregation of some sort one day, giving sermons on God’s universal law and the applicability of certain teachings of His through His messengers to modern situations); and other such minor caveats.
Then came the realization that because the Faith focuses so much on the building of a new world order (where perfect justice will eventually be upheld by this unified world government—a notion that’s worrisome in itself), participation in political affairs, and the open expression or advocacy of particular viewpoints or on behalf of causes, is discouraged, which worries me as someone with a reasonably high capacity for analyzing and proffering what I would reluctantly call intelligent opinions on and solutions to contemporary political matters. If I have to constantly watch my step to avoid the appearance of undue partisanship, how could I conceivably express full-on opinions about the political issues of the day? But since Bahá’ís place an extraordinarily high premium on the principle of the unity of humankind, any actions which might cause “disunity” are frowned upon, including those where the only people one might be “disunited with” are bigots, terrorists, or other such plainly loathsome people. The Faith takes the position that there are no truly loathsome people, and so taking a political stand against an unjust government or issuing a sarcastic and barbed editorial criticizing a particular public personage might be construed as violating the laws of the Faith. I value the principle of free speech highly enough that I very much fear that a life lived with a fettered tongue, constantly watching to be sure I didn’t overstep the bounds imposed upon me by religious authorities, would be too morally troublesome to be worth enduring even for the Faith’s sake.
Then comes the fact of obedience to the Administration itself—for the religion’s affairs are adjudicated by an administrative body, obedience to whose decisions is expected to be absolute—or else one may find oneself tarred and feathered as a heretic or apostate, and threatened with excommunication. There is a supreme council, which functions like a nine-person papacy, and which makes decisions on matters not explicitly addressed in the sacred scriptures. Service on this council, called the Universal House of Justice, is restricted to men—the service of women is engendered in all administrative levels except this, the highest one. The House’s members are elected, and from what I’ve read, the nine men presently serving all seem relatively nice and decent. But I’ve done some Internet research, and read reports of vile censorship and restrictions on freedom of speech and association carried out by organs of the Administration operating under the auspices of “protecting the Covenant”, that is, safeguarding the integrity of religion from schisms and attacks. Juan R.I. Cole, a critic of perceived obscurantism in the community who eventually resigned from the Faith and became a (rather shrill) leftist political blogger, was hounded for daring to criticize the UHJ’s exertion of coercive authority, and actions were also taken to hound participants in Internet mailing lists where issues were discussed freely, with no requirement to treat the House of Justice deferentially or always respect its authority. One of the first links I followed on the Internet when I first learned of the Faith led me to a website set up by an angry Bahá’í dissident, Frederick Glaysher, who claimed that the UHJ had become a tyrannical despotism and that the document alleged to have legitimized its founding, the Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, had been scientifically judged at the time of its writing to have been a fraud. Not knowing enough about the substance of his claims, and feeling a little put-off by his vitriol, I decided not to involve myself overmuch with his sect, which he dubbed the “Reform Bahais”; but I kept the heart of his thesis, which seemed to be that the UHJ was exerting undue control over the lives of individual believers and behaving like thought-police, perpetually in mind. I read that the authors of an academic paper proposing the repeal of the law denying women the right to serve on the House had been expelled from the Faith, and that the price was high for any Bahá’í who dared publish a paper like this one. I had read that the aforementioned open discussion groups had been shut down, that the Administration had trademarked the word “Bahá’í” and was resorting to legalese and threats and intimidation to block the progress of fledgling dissident sects. I read allegations that the standards of scholarship and academic integrity in the Faith were meager, impeded by a policy of “Bahá’í review” that requires believers seeking to publish books or papers on the Faith to first have them vetted by a doctrinal authority. At this point I started scratching my head… “What the hell is the purpose”, I thought, “of a religion with no clergy if there are people charged with the authority of controlling and authorizing people’s thoughts and opinions?!” The question still vexes me greatly.
I don’t want to have to live in fear of shunning or excommunication for voicing a non-majority view. I’m skittish about deserting a modernist faith, which involves the laity in decision-making and fully enfranchises gays and lesbians, with a religion that has a central authority requiring obedience and which endorses heteronormativity. I’m scared of a kind of spiritual totalitarianism, and I’m a little angry at myself even for thinking that such a thing could be true of this beautiful Faith. I’m sincerely scared. I don’t want to have to watch my step to avoid saying the wrong thing to the wrong person. I want to be free to criticize whatever political leader or institution or policy or practice or individual behaviour. I don’t want to be accused of “promoting disunity” if I were to, for example, decry the persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslims in Pakistan, or talk openly about the threat of Islamic jihadism, and the prompting it receives from textual sources. I’m worried about having to take an ultra-reverent attitude to Bahá’í foundational texts, central figures, history, and Administrative authority. Most of the religon’s sects seem like bands of kooks, but Frederick Glaysher’s criticisms seem pertinent. Yet I know that if I associate with him further, and believers in my local community (who include many of my closest friends) were to find out about it, I could be shunned. One of the first Bahá’ís I spoke to online, a girl serving at the Chicago temple named Naseem, warned me that “debate” was something of a dirty word in the Faith—that discussions could take place, but only within circumscribed limits that allowed for only the absolute minimum of conflict, contention or dissent, a way of doing things that seemed to me to fundamentally deny the inevitability of conflict and assume an immaturity on the part of human beings, that any dissent must necessarily signal ill-intentions, with no grey area acknowledged. The Bahá’í attitude against “promotion of disunity”, according to some friends, even encompasses a disapproval of attendance at anti-war rallies and of civil disobedience. When I tried to argue that Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi’s campaigns represented a kind of disturbance-of-the-peace that was utterly necessary for the advancement of justice, my Bahá’í friends, taught in Bahá’í classes to respect Gandhi and MLK but never to emulate their example, told me I was mistaken, that less agitation would have been better. When I spoke of the importance of fighting Islamic jihadism, one friend even insinuated I was a warmonger. This approach—along with the ideal of world government—seems to me to suck the vitality out of the human condition, and I’m scared at the prospect that a Bahá’í life means an inoffensive life, where one is not free to rake muck, where one must always be circumspect and seek only approved knowledge, ask only approved questions.
All these concerns dog me still. These factors and more frighten me, intimidate me, worry me. And it breaks my heart to imagine that this Faith, which on the surface seems so heartrendingly beautiful and offers so potent an answer to that which ails humankind, is itself so deeply flawed and has never rendered itself immune from dogmatism, from bigoted interpretations, from human frailty. And Bahá’u’lláh’s proscription that the clear meaning of the texts never be interpreted into something else means that it seems extremely unlikely that any of these issues will ever change. I’m hurt, I’m afraid. A part of my soul wants to leap in and declare my faith in Bahá’u’lláh and membership in the Bahá’í community, no questions asked. The nineteen-day month of fasting is due to begin today, and I’m eager to take the leap, to endure the fast in order to signal my adherence, my allegiance, to the Bahá’í Faith. But another part knows it’s almost inevitable that I’ll run into some kind of trouble with that later, and doesn’t want to be associated with a community afraid of asking questions. Yet at the same time, on the level of day-to-day interaction with my Bahá’í friends, the feeling of belonging and peoplehood is so joyous and overpowering that I feel I’d lose something integral if I didn’t make it official and truly commit to the Faith, damn the consequences. So I’m troubled. I could always stay a Reconstructionist Jew, which would be easier on my family in any case, or I could explore Universal Sufism, a path meant as an augmentation to traditional religion, not a replacement of it, with which my interactions have been very fruitful. But a part of me cries out, cries out, to be a Bahá’í. And because of the state of the community and the taboo nature of the problems I need to address, I may not even be able to bring such matters up, much less discuss them openly to a sympathetic ear. Ultimately, it won’t kill me not to be a Bahá’í. But it’s something I fear will haunt me, and I confess I’m not looking forward to the feeling.